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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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rock_txt.cxt
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00305_Text_ref18t.txt
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1997-02-04
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In another line of this
research, the speed of
identifying a word or picture
flashed on a screen is
measured. Researchers have
found that the speed of
response is increased if a word
or picture with the same or
similar meaning is presented
before the critical one, an
effect known as priming. Such
priming seems to occur even if
the subject is unaware of the
preceding item. Thus we might
justifiably maintain that
unconscious semantic
processing of a stimulus occurs
and can affect recognition.
Priming can also have the
opposite effect, playing a
negative role in the processing
of a word or picture that follows
the priming stimulus. Steven
Tipper, then at Oxford,
performed an experiment along
the lines of the one illustrated
at left using overlapping red
and green figures. On each
trial, one familiar object
outlined in red overlapped
another, outlined in green. For
each pair of figures the subject
was to attend to the object in
red, let us say the kite, and to
name it as fast as possible.
Presumably the green object,
the trumpet, is not attended to
and thus not consciously
perceived. On the next trial the
previously unattended object is
now red instead of green and
paired with some other object
colored green. Therefore the
subject is to say "trumpet" or
"bugle" as soon as possible
because it is now the red object.
Tipper found that the time
required to respond to the red
trumpet is significantly
increased, following a trial in
which it was to be ignored, an
effect now referred to as
"negative priming."